1996 OAH Annual Meeting Program


History, Memory, and Identity

ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS

BUSINESS OFFICE				      EDITORIAL OFFICE
Arnita A. Jones, Executive Director	      David Thelen, Editor
Organization of American Historians	      Journal of American History
112 North Bryan Street			      1125 E. Atwater
Bloomington, IN  47408-4199   	              Bloomington, IN 47401-3701
Phone: (812) 855-7311			      Phone: (812) 855-3034
FAX: (812) 855-0696			      FAX: (812) 855-9939

HISTORY

From its beginnings as a small regional group, the Organization of American Historians has grown to a large international association of approximately 9,000 members and 3,000 institutional subscribers interested in the full scope of United States history.

The Organization was founded in 1907 as the Mississippi Valley Historical Association and was headquartered in Lincoln, Nebraska, for nearly half a century. Originally focused on the history of the Mississippi Valley, the association evolved into the primary organization of specialists in United States history. In 1965, when the MVHA became the OAH, the office moved to Salt Lake City, and in 1970, to Bloomington, Indiana. Membership is open to anyone interested in the Organizations goals: the promotion of historical study and research in American history. The Organization of American Historians publishes the Journal of American History, the Magazine of History, the OAH Newsletter, and an Annual Meeting Program for the convention.

OAH STAFF

Arnita A. Jones, Executive Director
Sharon Caughill, Assistant for Professional Affairs
Jeanette Chafin, Business Manager
John Dichtl, Assistant Editor, OAH Newsletter
Ginger Foutz, Director of Member Services
Kara Hamm, Award and Prize Committee Coordinator,
Member Services Assistant
Monica Hendren, Service Committee Coordinator
Tamzen A. Meyer, Advertising Coordinator
Michael Regoli, Director of Publications
Sheri L. Sherrill, Convention Manager
Bradley J. Young, Assistant Editor, OAH Magazine of History

AWARDS AND PRIZES

ABC-CLIO AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE AWARD. A certificate and $750 given biennially to recognize and encourage scholarship in American history in the journal literature advancing new perspectives on accepted interpretations or previously unconsidered topics. ERIK BARNOUW AWARD. A certificate and $500 given annually in recognition of outstanding reporting or programming on television or in a documentary film dealing with American history.

RAY ALLEN BILLINGTON PRIZE. A certificate, a medal, and $1,000 given biennially to an author of a book in American frontier history.

BINKLEY-STEPHENSON AWARD. A certificate and $500 for the best scholarly article published in the Journal of American History during the preceding calendar year.

AVERY O. CRAVEN AWARD. A certificate and $500 given annually for the most original book on the coming of the Civil War, the Civil War years, or the Era of Reconstruction, with the exception of works of purely military history.

MERLE CURTI AWARD. A certificate, medal, and $1,000 given every year alternating between a book in American intellectual history and one in social history published during the preceding two years.

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ARTICLE PRIZE. A certificate and $500 subvention for refining the articles English translation given annually for the best article on American history published in a foreign language. Three finalists receive $250 each toward translation of his/her article. The winning article is published in the Journal of American History.

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE BOOK PRIZE. A certificate given annually for the best book on American history published in a foreign language. The winning book is translated and published by Cambridge University Press.

HUGGINS-QUARLES AWARDS. Up to $1,000 per winner given annually to minority graduate students at the dissertation research stage of their Ph.D. program.

RICHARD W. LEOPOLD PRIZE. A certificate and $1,500 given biennially to a historian connected with government for a book on foreign policy, military affairs broadly construed, historical activities of the federal government, or a biography in one of the foregoing areas.

LERNER-SCOTT PRIZE. A certificate and $1,000 given annually for the best doctoral dissertation in U.S. womens history.

LOUIS PELZER MEMORIAL AWARD. A certificate, a medal, and $500 given annually to a graduate student for the best essay in American history. The winning essay is published in the Journal of American History.

JAMES A. RAWLEY PRIZE. A certificate and $750 given annually to the author of a book dealing with the history of race relations in the United States.

ELLIOTT RUDWICK PRIZE. A certificate and $2,000 given biennially for a book on the experience of racial and ethnic minorities in the United States.

MARY K. BONSTEEL TACHAU PRE-COLLEGIATE TEACHING AWARD. A certificate, $750, and a one-year OAH membership in addition to a one-year subscription to the OAH Magazine of History given annually to recognize the contributions made by pre-collegiate teachers to improve history education.

FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER AWARD. A certificate, a medal, and $1,000 given annually for an authors first book on some significant phase of American history. The winning press receives a complimentary ad for the book in the Journal of American History.

1996 OAH COMMITTEES

EXECUTIVE BOARD OFFICERS

Michael Kammen, Cornell University, President
Linda K. Kerber, University of Iowa, President-Elect
Gale Peterson, The Cincinnati Historical Society, Treasurer
Arnita A. Jones, Executive Director
David Thelen, Editor, Journal of American History

Past Presidents
Lawrence W. Levine, George Mason University
Eric Foner, Columbia University
Gary B. Nash, University of California, Los Angeles

Elected Members
William H. Chafe, Duke University (April 1996)
Emily S. Rosenberg, Macalester College (April 1996)
Joan Shelley Rubin, University of Rochester (April 1996)
Jack P. Greene, Johns Hopkins University (April 1997)
Jacquelyn Hall, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (April 1997)
Joe W. Trotter, Carnegie Mellon University (April 1997)
Thomas Bender, New York University (April 1998)
Paul S. Boyer, University of Wisconsin-Madison (April 1998)
Vicki L. Ruiz, Arizona State University (April 1998)

BUDGET REVIEW COMMITTEE
Michael Kammen, President, Chair
Linda K. Kerber, President-Elect
Gary B. Nash, Past President
Gale Peterson, Treasurer, ex officio
Arnita A. Jones, Executive Director, ex officio
David Thelen, Editor, Journal of American History, ex officio

COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL POLICY
William H. Chafe, Outgoing Chair (April 1996)
Jacquelyn Hall, Incoming Chair (April 1997)
Paul S. Boyer (April 1998)
David Vigilante, Chair, Magazine of History Advisory Board (December 1996)
Mitch Yamasaki, Chair, Committee on Teaching (December 1996)
Michael Kammen, President, ex officio
Linda K. Kerber, President-Elect, ex officio
Arnita A. Jones, Executive Director, ex officio

NOMINATING BOARD
Susan Armitage, Washington State University, Chair (May 1996)
Ron Formisano, University of Florida (May 1996)
John Kuo Wei Tchen, Queens College, CUNY (May 1996)
Nancy Hewitt, Duke University (May 1997)
James O. Horton, George Washington University (May 1997)
Albert L. Hurtado, Arizona State University (May 1997)
Kenneth T. Jackson, Columbia University (May 1997)

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY EDITORIAL BOARD
Alan Brinkley, Columbia University (April 1996)
Nancy Hewitt, Duke University (April 1996)
David W. Blight, Amherst College (April 1997)
Linda Gordon, University of Wisconsin-Madison (April 1997)
Michael H. Hunt, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (April 1997)
Norma Basch, Rutgers University-Newark Campus (April 1998)
Robert A. Gross, College of William and Mary (April 1998)
Daniel T. Rodgers, Princeton University (April 1998)
Arnita A. Jones, Executive Director, ex officio
One appointment pending

MAGAZINE OF HISTORY ADVISORY BOARD
Christine Compston, History Teaching Alliance/National History Education Network, ex officio
Jack P. Greene, Executive Board Liaison (April 1997)
Karen Harris, Highland Park High School (December 1998)
Kathleen C. Kean, Nicolet High School (December 1996)
Bryan LeBeau, Creighton University (December 1998)
John Pyne, West Milford Township Public Schools (December 1997)
Sandra F. VanBurkleo, Wayne State University (December 1996)
David Vigilante, San Diego City Schools, Chair (December 1997)
Mitch Yamasaki, Chair, Committee on Teaching, ex officio (December 1996)

OAH NEWSLETTER EDITORIAL BOARD
Douglas Greenberg, Chicago Historical Society
Alice Kessler-Harris, Rutgers University
John Patrick, ERIC Clearinghouse, Indiana University
One appointment pending

1996 PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Richard Allan Baker, United States Senate
Lizabeth Cohen, New York University
Michael J. Hogan, The Ohio State University, Co-Chair
Mary Kelley, Dartmouth College, Co-Chair
Victor Leviatin, WISE Services
Nell Irvin Painter, Princeton University
Charles Royster, Louisiana State University
Vicki L. Ruiz, Arizona State University
Richard White, University of Washington

Ad Hoc Convention Special Events and Publicity Committee
Susan Hirsch, Loyola University of Chicago, Co-Chair
Suellen Hoy, University of Notre Dame
Mary Ann Johnson, Jane Addamss Hull-House Museum
Dominic A. Pacyga, Columbia College
Harold Platt, Loyola University of Chicago, Co-Chair
George H. Roeder Jr., School of the Art Institute of Chicago

1997 PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Brian Balogh, University of Virginia
Michele H. Bogart, SUNY at Stony Brook
Jon Butler, Yale University
Ramsn A. Gutiirrez, University of California, San Diego, Co-Chair
Evelynn M. Hammonds, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Joanne Meyerowitz, University of Cincinnati
Mary P. Ryan, University of California, Berkeley, Co-Chair
Allen Steinberg, University of Iowa

Ad Hoc Convention Special Events
and Publicity Committee
Thomas Frye, Oakland Museum, Co-Chair
Paul Groth, University of California, Berkeley, Co-Chair
Remaining appointments pending

COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF MINORITY HISTORIANS AND MINORITY HISTORY
Paul S. Boyer, Incoming Executive Board Liaison (April 1998)
Earl Lewis, University of Michigan, (December 1996)
Douglas Monroy, Colorado College, Chair (December 1997)
Barbara Posadas, Northern Illinois University (December 1999)
Emily S. Rosenberg, Outgoing Executive Board Liaison (April 1996)
Arvarh E. Strickland, University of Missouri-Columbia (December 1998)

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE COMMITTEE
R. David Edmunds, Indiana University Bloomington
Barbara Franco, The Historical Society of Washington, D.C.
Michael Frisch, SUNY-Buffalo
Joan M. Jensen, New Mexico State University
Gary B. Nash, University of California, Los Angeles, Chair
Constance B. Schulz, Chair, Committee on Public History (December 1996)

COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC HISTORY
Mary Maples Dunn, Schlesinger Library on the History of Women, Radcliffe College (December 1999)
Hugh D. Graham, Vanderbilt University (December 1998)
Ronald J. Grele, Columbia University (December 1996)
Joan Shelley Rubin, Outgoing Executive Board Liaison (April 1996)
Vicki L. Ruiz, Incoming Executive Board Liaison (April 1998)
Constance B. Schulz, University of South Carolina, Chair (December 1997)

COMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND ACCESS TO HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION
Thomas Bender, Incoming Executive Board Liaison (April 1998)
William H. Chafe, Outgoing Executive Board Liaison (April 1996)
Kathleen Conzen, University of Chicago (December 1999)
Gregory S. Hunter, Long Island University (December 1996)
Gerda W. Ray, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Chair (December 1997)
Jane Rosenberg, National Endowment for the Humanities (December 1998)

COMMITTEE ON TEACHING
Gary W. Reichard, California State University, Long Beach (December 1998)
George Stevens, Dutchess Community College (December 1996)
Joe W. Trotter, Executive Board Liaison (April 1997)
Mitch Yamasaki, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Chair (December 1997)
One appointment pending

COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE HISTORICAL PROFESSION
Jacquelyn Hall, Executive Board Liaison (April 1997)
Emma Lapsansky, Haverford College, Chair (December 1997)
Lisa McGirr, Columbia University (December 1996)
Rita Roberts, Scripps College (December 1998)
One appointment pending

AD HOC COMMITTEE ON ACCESS TO LAWYERS FILES
Paul Finkelman, University of Miami
N.E.H. Hull, Rutgers University-Camden Campus, Chair
Stanley N. Katz, American Council of Learned Societies
Gerda W. Ray, Chair, Committee on Research and Access to Historical Documentation, ex officio (December 1996)
Rayman L. Solomon, Northwestern University

AD HOC COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES
Michael Frisch, SUNY-Buffalo, Chair
Arnita A. Jones, OAH Executive Director
Page Putnam Miller, National Coordinating Committee for the Promotion of History
David Thelen, Editor, Journal of American History
Bertram Wyatt-Brown, University of Florida
Alfred F. Young, Newberry Library
Jamil S. Zainaldin, Federation of State Humanities Councils

AD HOC INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE
William H. Chafe, Duke University, Chair
Stanley N. Katz, American Council of Learned Societies
Maeva Marcus, Documentary History of the Supreme Court
Thomas G. Paterson, University of Connecticut
David Thelen, Editor, Journal of American History

AD HOC TASK FORCE ON COMMUNITY COLLEGES
Nadine Ishitani Hata, El Camino Community College, Chair
Elizabeth A. Kessel, Anne Arundel Community College
Lawrence W. Levine, George Mason University
Myron Marty, Drake University
John M. McLeod, Miami-Dade Community College
George Stevens, Dutchess Community College
Charles A. Zappia, San Diego Mesa College

ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON HISTORICAL DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTATION
Michael J. Hogan, The Ohio State University, OAH Representative

OAH PARLIAMENTARIAN
Gordon Morris Bakken, California State University, Fullerton

AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LEARNED SOCIETIES
Jane S. De Hart, University of California, Santa Barbara, OAH Delegate to the ACLS (December 1999)
Arnita A. Jones, OAH Executive Director, Member, ACLS Conference of Administrative Officers

JOINT COMMITTEE ON HISTORIANS AND ARCHIVISTS
Organization of American Historians Representatives
Candace Falk, The Emma Goldman Papers, University of California, Berkeley (December 1996)
Gerda W. Ray, University of Missouri-St. Louis (December 1997)
Arnita A. Jones, OAH Executive Director, ex officio

JOINT OAH/AHA AD HOC COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION
Organization of American Historians Representatives
Ira Berlin, University of Maryland at College Park, Chair
Charlene N. Bickford, The George Washington University
Edwin C. Bridges, Alabama Department of Archives & History
Robin D.G. Kelley, New York University, ex officio
Gerda W. Ray, Chair, Committee on Research & Access to Historical Documentation, ex officio (December 1997)
American Historical Association Representatives
Nelson Lichtenstein, University of Virginia
Constance B. Schulz, University of South Carolina
John Williams, Appalachian State University, ex officio

NATIONAL ARCHIVES II USERS GROUP
Jannelle Warren-Findley, Arizona State University, OAH Representative

NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION
Robin D.G. Kelley, New York University, OAH Representative

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE PLANNING COUNCIL
Diane F. Britton, The University of Toledo, OAH Representative

OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE OF THE HISTORY TEACHING ALLIANCE
Christine Compston, History Teaching Alliance/National History Education Network, Director
Terrie L. Epstein, University of Michigan (June 1997)
Douglas Greenberg, Chicago Historical Society (June 1996)
Arnita A. Jones, OAH Executive Director, ex officio

OAH MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE
(-) denotes outgoing committee member (incoming appointments pending)
Chair Daniel Levine, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
Alabama Douglas Wertsch, Athens State College
Alaska (-)John S. Whitehead, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Arizona (-)Brooks D. Simpson, Arizona State University
Arkansas Stephen F. Strausberg, University of Arkansas,Fayetteville
California Joan R. Gundersen, California State University, San Marcos
(-)Glenna Matthews, University of California, Berkeley
(-)Edwin J. Perkins, University of Southern California
Colorado Mark T. Gilderhus, Colorado State University
Connecticut Cecelia F. Bucki, Fairfield University
Delaware (-)Guy Alchon, University of Delaware
D.C. (-)Sarah Larson, The Historical Society of Washington, DC
Florida (-)Jack C. Lane, Rollins College
Georgia (-)John M. Matthews, Georgia State University
Guam, P.R., V.I. Marilyn F. Krigger, University of the Virgin Islands
Hawaii (-)Mitch Yamasaki, Chaminade University of Honolulu
Idaho W. R. Swagerty, University of Idaho
Illinois Russell Lewis, Chicago Historical Society
Jeffrey Mirel, Northern Illinois University
Indiana Robert G. Barrows, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
Iowa (-)Robert F. Martin, University of Northern Iowa
Kansas Ann Schofield, University of Kansas
Kentucky Thomas C. Mackey, University of Louisville
Louisiana Maxine F. Taylor, Northwestern State University of Louisiana
Maryland Robyn Muncy, University of Maryland at College Park
Massachusetts Donald M. Jacobs, Northwestern University
Neal Salisbury, Smith College
Michigan Elizabeth Faue, Wayne State University
Minnesota Annette Atkins, Saint Johns University
Mississippi John F. Marszalek, Mississippi State University
Missouri Stephen Kneeshaw, College of the Ozarks
Montana Billy G. Smith, Montana State University
Nebraska Dennis N. Mihelich, Creighton University
Nevada Joanne L. Goodwin, University of Nevada-Las Vegas
New Hampshire (-)Lucy E. Salyer, University of New Hampshire
New Jersey William J. Gilmore-Lehne, Richard Stockton College
New Mexico Elizabeth Jameson, University of New Mexico
New York Charles Pete Banner-Haley, Colgate University
Manfred Jonas, Union College
Barbara Winslow, Hunter College, CUNY
North Carolina David Goldfield, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
North Dakota Bethany Andreasen, Minot State University
Ohio Edward F. Haas, Wright State University
Oklahoma David W. Levy, University of Oklahoma
Oregon Peter Buckingham, Linfield College
Pennsylvania Donald B. Hoffman, Allentown, PA
Margaret Marsh, Temple University
Rhode Island Susan Smulyan, Brown University
South Carolina Edmund L. Drago, The College of Charleston
South Dakota Nicole Etcheson, University of South Dakota
Tennessee Thomas A. Schwartz, Vanderbilt University
Texas David E. Narrett, The University of Texas at Arlington
Utah L. Ray Gunn, University of Utah
Vermont Barbara Bellows, Middlebury College
Virginia (-)Edward L. Ayers, University of Virginia
Washington E. Wayne Carp, Pacific Lutheran University
West Virginia Elizabeth Fones-Wolf, West Virginia University
Wisconsin Robert Gough, University of WisconsinEau Claire
Wyoming Thomas Wilsted, University of Wyoming
Canada Bruce C. Daniels, University of Winnipeg
Michael Fellman, Simon Fraser University
Foreign Countries Susan-Mary C. Grant, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England

ABC-CLIO AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE AWARD COMMITTEE
Barry D. Karl, University of Chicago, Chair (April 1997)
Joan Jacobs Brumberg, Cornell University (April 1997)
Sarah Deutsch, Clark University (April 1997)
Peter Quimby, ABC-Clio, Inc. (ex officio)
Randolph Roth, Ohio State University (April 1997)
Gwendolyn Wright, Columbia University (April 1997)

ERIK BARNOUW AWARD COMMITTEE
Steven J. Ross, University of Southern California, Chair (April 1997)
James L. Baughman, University of Wisconsin-Madison (April 1998)
Stephen Brier, Center for Media and Learning, Hunter College/CUNY (April 1996)

RAY ALLEN BILLINGTON PRIZE COMMITTEE
Robert V. Remini, University of Notre Dame, Chair (April 1997)
Harry W. Fritz, University of Montana (April 1997)
Altina Waller, University of Connecticut, Storrs (April 1997)

BINKLEY-STEPHENSON AWARD COMMITTEE
Carla Gardina Pestana, The Ohio State University, Chair (April 1997)
Sally McMurry, Pennsylvania State University (April 1998)
William M. Tuttle, Jr., University of Kansas (April 1996)

AVERY O. CRAVEN AWARD COMMITTEE
William W. Freehling, University of Kentucky, Chair (April 1996)
Jane Turner Censer, George Mason University (April 1996)
Gaines M. Foster, Louisiana State University (April 1996)

1996 MERLE CURTI SOCIAL HISTORY AWARD COMMITTEE
Susan M. Hartmann, The Ohio State University, Chair (April 1996)
David R. Roediger, University of Minnesota (April 1996)
Jules Tygiel, San Francisco State University (April 1996)

1997 MERLE CURTI INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AWARD COMMITTEE
Alan Trachtenberg, Yale University, Chair (April 1997)
Charles Capper, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (April 1997)
Helena M. Wall, Pomona College (April 1997)

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ARTICLE PRIZE COMMITTEE
David Thelen, Journal of American History, Chair (ex officio)
V.P. Franklin, Drexel University (April 1996)
Dirk Hoerder, Universitdt Bremen, Germany (April 1997)
Alice Kessler-Harris, Rutgers University (April 1998)
Arnaldo Testi, University of Pisa, Italy (April 1999)

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE BOOK PRIZE COMMITTEE
Leila J. Rupp, The Ohio State University, Chair (April 1999)
Elise Marienstras, Universiti Paris VII-Denis Diderot, France (April 1997)
Kathryn Kish Sklar, State University of New York, Binghamton (April 1997)
Frank Smith, Cambridge University Press (ex officio)
Josefina Zoraida Vazquez, El Colegio de Mexico (April 1996)

HUGGINS-QUARLES AWARD COMMITTEE
(Committee on the Status of Minority Historians and Minority History)
Douglas Monroy, Colorado College, Chair (December 1997)
Paul S. Boyer, Incoming Executive Board Liaison (April 1998)
Earl Lewis, University of Michigan, (December 1996)
Barbara Posadas, Northern Illinois University (December 1999)
Emily S. Rosenberg, Outgoing Executive Board Liaison (April 1996)
Arvarh E. Strickland, University of Missouri-Columbia (December 1998)

RICHARD W. LEOPOLD PRIZE COMMITTEE
Warren F. Kimball, Rutgers University, Chair (April 1996)
Michael J. Hogan, The Ohio State University (April 1996)
William Z. Slany, United States Department of State (April 1996)

LERNER-SCOTT PRIZE COMMITTEE
Karen Halttunen, University of California, Chair (April 1996)
Jeanne Boydston, University of Wisconsin (April 1996)
Faye E. Dudden, Union College (April 1996)

LOUIS PELZER MEMORIAL AWARD COMMITTEE
David Thelen, Journal of American History, Chair (ex officio)
Adrienne Hood, University of Toronto (April 1996)
Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, Smith College (April 2000)
Frederick E. Hoxie, The Newberry Library (April 1999)
Barbara Melosh, George Mason University (April 1998)

JAMES A. RAWLEY PRIZE COMMITTEE
Douglas Monroy, Colorado College, Chair (April 1997)
Ira Berlin, University of Maryland, College Park (April 1996)
Edward Countryman, Southern Methodist University (April 1998)

ELLIOTT RUDWICK PRIZE COMMITTEE
Roger Daniels, University of Cincinnati, Chair (April 1997)
Ileen A. DeVault, Cornell University (April 1997)
Philip J. Schwarz, Virginia Commonwealth University (April 1997)

MARY K. BONSTEEL TACHAU PRE-COLLEGIATE TEACHING AWARD COMMITTEE
James F. Adomanis, Maryland Center for the Study of History and Civic Education, Chair (April 1996)
Mark Lytle, Bard College (April 1997)
Doris M. Meadows, Wilson Magnet High School, Rochester, New York (April 1997)

FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER AWARD COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Gary B. Nash, University of California, Los Angeles, Chair (April 1996)
John Bodnar, Indiana University Bloomington (April 1996)
Evelyn Hu-DeHart, University of Colorado at Boulder (April 1996)

CONVENTION INFORMATION

More than 600 scholars are on the program for the Eighty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians, to be held Thursday, March 28 - Sunday, March 31, 1996. History, Memory, and Identity is the theme for the 1996 Annual Meeting. A listing of OAH committee meetings and activities is on page 25. A summary of the convention schedule can be found on page 26.

HOTEL. The Palmer House Hilton (17 East Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603; telephone 312-726-7500) will serve as OAH convention headquarters and will house convention registration, book exhibits, and most of the program sessions. Meeting room locations are shown on floorplans on pages 28 and 29.

The Palmer House Hilton is Chicagos oldest and the longest continuously operating hotel in North America. Built in 1871 by Potter Palmer for his bride, it was destroyed just thirteen days later in the great Chicago Fire. Thanks to quick thinking by architect John Mills Van Osdel, who carried his construction plans to safety by burying them under two feet of sand and damp clay, it was rebuilt and opened again in 1873. It was the first Chicago hotel to offer electric lights, telephones in every room, and elevators. Having completed a multimillion dollar renovation program in the last decade, the Palmer House continues to provide outstanding accommodations and service. This renovation included restoration of the turn-of-the-century artwork on the lobby ceiling, originally painted by French muralist Louie Pierre Rigal, by artist Lido Lippi who has been responsible for restoring masterpieces throughout Europe, including the Sistine Chapel. The Palmer House, recently rated the safest of all Hilton hotels, is located within Chicagos Loop business district and right next door to the financial district. Within five minutes guests can walk to the Art Institute, Orchestra Hall, and the Shubert, Goodman, and Auditorium Theatres.

The Palmer House Hilton offers the following dining possibilities: French Quarterlobby level, casual dining with Cajun specialities, open 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. with Sunday brunch 12:00 noon - 3:00 p.m.; Trader Vicslower arcade, specialty restaurant featuring South Pacific fare, open Monday-Friday for lunch 11:30 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. and for dinner 5:00 - 11:00 p.m., Saturday for dinner only from 5:00 -11:30 p.m. and Sunday for dinner only from 4:30 - 11:00 p.m.; Palmers Coffee Shoplower level, quick breakfast or lunch, open Monday-Friday-6:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m., Saturday-6:30 - 11:00 a.m.; Palmers Steak and Seafood Housestreet level, open Monday-Friday for lunch from 11:30 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. and dinner from 5:00 - 11:00 p.m. and on Saturday for dinner from 5:00 - 11:00 p.m.; and Windsors Lobby Bar and Cafelobby level, open for lunch Monday-Friday from 11:30 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. and for cocktail service Monday-Sunday 11:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m.

Guest rooms will be held for convention attendees until February 28, 1996. Reservation requests received at the Palmer House Hilton after that date will be confirmed subject to availability and current hotel rates. Special rates for the annual meeting of the OAH at the Palmer House Hilton represent a significant savings over rack rates and are lower than rates for the 1994 and 1995 meetings. The 1996 rates are: single $109, $119, $129; double $132, $142, $152. A limited number of rooms are available on a first come-first served basis at each level for each category of room. Rooms reserved at the lowest rate of $109 are smaller than the other rooms, but, provide adequate space for those attending the convention. To reserve your room, please use the hotel reservation form inserted in the front of this program, call the hotel at 312-726-7500, or call 1-800-Hiltons. Reserve your room early to ensure that you get the lowest possible rate.

The Palmer House Hilton is in full compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. If you would like more information, please contact the OAH office or check the appropriate space on your preregistration form.

REDUCED HOTEL RATES FOR STUDENTS AND UNEMPLOYED MEMBERS. A special hotel rate has been negotiated at the Bismarck Hotel for members of the OAH who are undergraduate and graduate students or who are unemployed. The Bismarck is located approximately five blocks from the Palmer House Hilton and offers rates of $85 Single/$95 Double. Please contact the Bismarck Hotel to reserve your room. Bismarck Hotel, 171 W. Randolph Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601; 312-236-0123 or 1-800-643-1500.

PARKING. The Palmer House Hilton utilizes the Adams and Wabash Parking Garage, located on the corner of Adams Street and Wabash Street, one block from the hotel. The weekend rate (in after 4:00 p.m. Friday, exit by 9:00 a.m. Monday) is $12.25 for 24 hours. The daily rate (12-24 hours) is $15.25. One-way valet is $20.00 for the first 24 hours. Each additional 24 hour period is $15.25. There are no in and out privileges. Valet Parking is one way only. Guests may pick up their car keys at the concierge desk.

TRAVEL. The OAH is pleased to announce that Diamond Travel, a Ross & Babcock Travel Company, will serve as the official travel agency for the 1996 OAH Annual Meeting. The OAH has worked with Diamond Travel in the past and is glad that the Bloomington company will be handling travel to the 1996 Annual Meeting. Detailed information regarding travel to the annual meeting can be found on page 117 of the Program. For travel reservations, please use the form on page 118 or call Diamond toll free at 800-345-1647. Diamond Travel staff members will advise you of the most convenient flights and the lowest fares available on all airlines. Booking through Diamond Travel will help the OAH earn credits that reduce part of the cost of the Annual Meeting.

GROUND TRANSPORTATION TO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Travelers arriving at OHare Airport have three options for travel to the Palmer House Hilton: 1) Taxicablocated on the lower level of each terminal and available from 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m., approximately 30 minutes to one hour, depending upon traffic, $25.00; 2) Continental's Airport Express vansapproximately 55 minutes, $14.75 one way/$25.50 roundtrip, leaves the baggage claim area every five to ten minutes from 6:00 a.m. - 11:30 p.m.; 3) Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) trainsapproximately 35 minutes, leave OHare every 5 to 10 minutes days and evenings and every 30 minutes from 1:00 a.m. - 5:00 a.m., $1.50 one-way. The train terminal is located beneath Terminal 4. Take the train to the Monroe and Dearborn stop, walk east two blocks to the Palmer House Hilton.

Travelers arriving at Midway Airport may take taxicabs to the Palmer House Hilton at a cost of $18 - $20. The trip takes about 40 minutes. Continentals Airport Express vans leave Midway every 15 minutes from 6:00 a.m. - 10:30 p.m. with a one-way cost of $10.75/$19.00 roundtrip.

Travelers arriving by train at Union Station, 210 South Canal Street, should plan to take a taxicab to the Palmer House Hilton. The ride should take no more than ten to twenty minutes and cost under $5.00.

REGISTRATION. All persons attending the convention (including program participants) are required to register. Therefore, you are urged to use the preregistration form enclosed with this program to save money and avoid long waiting lines. If your form is missing, please contact the OAH office to receive another. Preregistration forms postmarked on or before March 7, 1996, will be accepted. Forms postmarked after March 7 will not be processed, and you will be required to pay the regular registration rate at the meeting. Preregistration materials will not be mailed. All registrants, except guests, will receive a copy of the Pocket Program, which lists the locations of all sessions and functions. Safeguard your pocket programlost or missing ones cannot be replaced. Preregistration is nontransferable and materials can only be picked up by the person for whom the materials were prepared. All persons attending are urged to supply a convention address for the locator file. Registration fees are listed below.

			Preregistration Fee
			(postmarked on or	Registration Fee
			before March 7, 1996)	(on-site)
	OAH Member             $55                     $65
	OAH Member-Student     $20		       $25
        OAH Member-Unemployed  $20	               $25
	Non-member	       $75                     $85
	Guest                  $10                     $15

Guest registration is intended for use by a non-historian who would not otherwise attend the meeting except to accompany the attendee. Only the registered attendee may pick up registration materials. Guests do not receive a separate pocket program.

The OAH will accept checks, money orders, or travelers checks in U.S. currency, as well as Visa and MasterCard. No telephone or fax registrations will be accepted.

TOURS. The Convention Publicity Committee has arranged five tours especially for attendees at the 1996 OAH meeting. For complete information on these tours, see pages 22 and 23 of this Program.

Please use the preregistration form inserted in the front of the program to register for all tours. The deadline for tour registration is February 22, 1996, which is two weeks earlier than the preregistration deadline. This early deadline is necessary to meet reservation deadlines determined by the tour companies. So that all tours might be planned properly, please return your form by this deadline.

OFF-SITE SESSIONS. There are two off-site sessions and a tour at the Chicago Historical Society, Clark and North Streets. Descriptions can be found on pages 81, 84, and 91. You should register for these events using the preregistration form inserted in the front of the program. The deadline for preregistration for these events is the same as the preregistration deadline of March 7, 1996. Transportation will be provided for anyone who registers for these sessions. Directions to the Chicago Historical Society will be available in the Pocket Program for those who are unable to register by the March 7 deadline.

FREE ADMISSION TO THE CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The Chicago Historical Society has graciously offered free admission to any person registered for the OAH annual meeting. Your badge is your proof of registration.

INFORMAL SESSIONS AND OTHER MEETINGS. The OAH program will use nearly all the meeting space in the Palmer House Hilton during the morning and afternoon session periods. Groups who wish to hold informal sessions, committee meetings, meal functions, reunions, etc., should select times that will not conflict with sessions. Limited space might also be available during the noon hours. For information on scheduling these activities contact Sheri L. Sherrill, Convention Manager, Organization of American Historians, 112 North Bryan Street, Bloomington, IN 47408-4199; 812-855-9853. If requested, functions open to the public may be listed in the Pocket Program, distributed to all registrants at the Annual Meeting.

MEAL FUNCTIONS. Since we must provide the hotel with advance guarantees for all catered functions, we urge you to order all of your meal tickets on the preregistration form. If your form is missing, contact the OAH office for a replacement. Persons who try to purchase tickets the day of an event might be disappointed. The cost of each ticket includes the required 17% gratuity and 9.75% sales tax. Reserved tickets will be held at the preregistration desk; you may pick them up only during the hours that the registration counters are open (see page 26 for schedule). The 1996 OAH Presidential Banquet will be held Friday, March 29, at 7:00 p.m. (cash bar 6:00 - 7:00 p.m.). The following require tickets:

Friday, March 29
Phi Alpha Theta Luncheon $ 28.00
Society of Historians of the Gilded
Age and Progressive Era $ 28.00
Urban History Association Luncheon $ 25.00
OAH Presidential Banquet $ 45.00

Saturday, March 30
Oral History Association Breakfast $ 18.00
Women in the Historical Profession Breakfast $ 18.00
Agricultural History Society Luncheon $ 28.00
Council of Chairs Luncheon $ 28.00
Focus on Teaching Day Luncheon $ 28.00
Society for Historians of American Foreign
Relations Luncheon $28.00

MEMBERSHIP. Attendance at the sessions and exhibits is not limited to OAH or members; however, membership is encouraged and applications will be accepted at the registration counters. For your convenience, an OAH membership application can be found on pages 120-121 of this Program. OAH members receive the OAH Newsletter, the Annual Meeting Program, and either the Journal of American History or the OAH Magazine of History.

FOCUS ON TEACHING DAY. Sessions on the 1996 program specifically related to the teaching of American history at the middle and high school levels are part of the Thirteenth Annual Focus on Teaching Day. Focus on Teaching Day sessions are planned for Saturday, and Focus on Teaching Day registration includes attendance at OAH sessions on that day. For information contact: Monica Hendren, Focus on Teaching Day Liaison, Organization of American Historians, 112 North Bryan Street, Bloomington, IN 47408-4199; 812-855-7311.

CHILD CARE. The OAH has received information from American Childcare, Inc., 445 E. Ohio St., Suite 306, Chicago, Illinois 60611; 312-644-7300. They are licensed, bonded, insured, and have been in business since 1974. The cost may vary, but, current prices are $11.50 per hour for one child, with a four hour minimum and $5 per day transportation charge. Please call them directly to make arrangements for child care. The OAH can assume no responsibility for any arrangements.

PARTICIPANT PAPERS. Copies of some of the participant papers will be sold in the convention registration area for $2.00 each.

SESSIONS AVAILABLE ON TAPE. Some sessions will be recorded and cassette tapes will be available for purchase at the annual meeting and through the OAH Newsletter following the Annual Meeting. A list of sessions available on tape will be included in the Pocket Program and on-site at the annual meeting.

Professional Opportunities for American historians

In the past, the Organization of American Historians has provided a job registry at its annual meeting for employers seeking to fill a position and for OAH registrants seeking employment. This year we are offering something different: the Professional Opportunities Program which became effective August 15, 1995, and is available throughout the year. As you might have read in recent issues of the OAH Newsletter, employers now have the option of listing positions directly on the OAH World Wide Web site above. Applicants can access these listings at their discretion and contact employers directly in order to arrange interviews. Employer representative name, mailing address, phone number, fax number, and email address are included whenever available.

There are no forms for applicants to fill out prior to the convention, and there will be no information/position packets mailed from the OAH office to employers or applicants prior to the 1996 meeting in Chicago. Although the new Internet service replaces the job registry at our annual meeting, the OAH will continue to provide interview space during the convention.

Employers wishing to reserve interview space must fill out the form on page 119 and return it to the OAH office with payment no later than March 21, 1996. Space is limited. Assignment of interview rooms will be made based on date of postmark. Confirmations, including the location of your interview suite, will be emailed or faxed to the employer contact person prior to the meeting.

All questions regarding appropriate procedures for using our new on-line system, should be directed to Ginger Foutz: 812-855-9851, or ginger@oah.indiana.edu.

OAH GUIDELINES FOR INTERVIEWING. The OAH discourages interview activities in hotel bedrooms. If an interviewer feels it is necessary to use a facility outside the Job Registry, the OAH strongly advises that a parlor rather than a sleeping room be used and that a third person always be present in the room with the candidate. Interviewers using such facilities bear sole responsibility for establishing an appropriate, professional atmosphere and should take special care to ensure that all interviews are conducted courteously and in a proper and professional manner.

OAH TOURS

The Convention Publicity Committee has arranged several tours especially for attendees at the 1996 OAH meeting. All tours will leave from and return to the convention hotel, the Palmer House Hilton, 17 East Monroe Street. Please use the preregistration form inserted in the front of the Program to register for these tours. Space is limited and reservations will be made on a first-come-first-served basis. Advance purchase of tour tickets must be postmarked by February 22, 1996, which is two weeks earlier than the preregistration deadline. This early deadline is necessary to meet reservation deadlines determined by the tour companies.

Tour tickets will be inserted into your badge holder and available at the convention registration area at the Palmer House Hilton. OAH reserves the right to cancel any tour that has not met the minimum number of participants required. Should this occur, complete refunds will be made following the meeting.

THURSDAY, MARCH 28

T1 - Chicago Blues Bar Pub Crawl, 9:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m., $30 per person. Since Muddy Waters left Mississippi for Chicago, the city has been the capitol of the modern blues scene. Join historian and blues fan Harold Platt on a bus tour to sample the best of Chicago blues at three of the citys liveliest clubs: Blues Etcetera, Blues Chicago, and Buddy Guys Legends. The tour is timed to catch three shows, and the price includes all cover charges as well as bus fare. The bus will stop at the Palmer House on the way to the last club, Buddy Guys Legends, for those who wish to retire early.

FRIDAY, MARCH 29

T2 - Chicagos Neighborhoods: Past, Present, and Future, 9:00 - 11:00 a.m., $12 per person

Chicago is a city of neighborhoods. Behind the glittering facade of lakefront high-rises, the real city stretches to the Prairie. The Chicago River divides the city into three parts: North, West, and South Sides. The North Side is the most prosperous and most racially and ethnically integrated; to some it represents the future of the city. The West Side is quite depressed, home mainly to African-American and Latino minorities; it is the citys present. The South Side represents the past of heavy industries and classic ethnic neighborhoods. This pattern of development is not a natural phenomenon like the river, however. Explore the impact of public policy on the development of Chicagos neighborhoods with Chicago historian, Edward R. Kantowicz, on a bus tour that loops through the three sides of the city.

FRIDAY, MARCH 29

T3 - Frank Lloyd Wright and the Suburban Ideal, 12:30 - 4:30 p.m., $24 per person

This guided bus tour takes you through the gritty West Side of Chicago to Oak Park, where one of Americas most important architects, Frank Lloyd Wright, developed his revolutionary concepts about the ideal living space. Designing for his neighbors, Wright left an unmatched material legacy to this suburb. An interpreter from the Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio Foundation will guide you through Wrights home and studio and on a walk through Oak Park to view the largest concentration of buildings he designed.

SATURDAY, MARCH 30

T4 - Early Skyscrapers: Chicagos Classic Architecture, 9:30 - 11:30 a.m., $10 per person

Downtown Chicago, where the skyscraper developed as the symbol of the city, is a veritable museum of American architecture. Take a walking tour with a Chicago Architecture Foundation docent to explore the beginnings of the Chicago School of Architecture and the development of Chicagos skyscrapers from 1880 to 1940. The Art Deco Chicago Board of Trade Building, Adler and Sullivans masterpiece; the Auditorium Building; and the Rookery, a national historic landmark, are included on the walk. The tour begins at the Chicago Architecture Foundations Center, at 224 South Michigan Avenue, only two blocks from the Palmer House Hilton.

T5 - Modern and Beyond: Chicagos Architecture since World War II, 1:00 - 3:00 p.m., $10 per person

Chicago remains in the forefront of trends in architecture, because its corporations and government bodies continue to embrace the latest styles. Take a walking tour with a Chicago Architecture Foundation docent to explore the impact of technological changes on building design and construction and the rich contrasts of the International, Modern, and Post-Modern movements. The tour includes examples of the minimalism Mies van de Rohe and the eclecticism of the post-moderns, the stainless steel-clad Inland Steel Building, and the bold James R. Thompson (State of Illinois) Center. The tour begins at the Chicago Architecture Foundations Center, at 224 South Michigan Avenue, only two blocks from the Palmer House Hilton.

OAH COMMITTEE MEETINGS AND RELATED ACTIVITIES

A complete listing of functions and committee meetings and the rooms in which they will be held will be printed in the Pocket Program.

THURSDAY, MARCH 28
1997 Program Committee 8:00 a.m.-9:00 p.m.
Executive Board 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
Nominating Board 9:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.
FRIDAY, MARCH 29
OAH Magazine of History Advisory Board 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Nominating Board 8:00 a.m.-12:00 noon
1997 Program Committee 8:00 a.m.-12:00 noon
Teaching 5:00 p.m.-7:00 p.m.
Status of Women in the Historical Profession 12:00 noon-2:00 p.m.
Status of Minority Historians and Minority History 12:00 noon-2:00 p.m.
Membership 1:30 p.m.-3:30 p.m.
A Report on the Status of Women in the Historical Profession: A Ten-Year Update 2:30 p.m.-4:30 p.m.
Research and Access to Historical Documentation 2:30 p.m.-4:30 p.m.
Public History 5:00 p.m.-7:00 p.m.
Presidential Cash Bar Reception and Banquet 6:00 p.m.-8:30 p.m.
Presentation of Awards and Presidential Address 8:30 p.m.
SATURDAY, March 30
Breakfast for Women Historians 7:30 a.m.-9:00 a.m.
Journal of American History Editorial Board 8:30 a.m.-12:00 noon
Focus on Teaching Day Luncheon 12:00 noon-2:00 p.m.
Film: Winner of the 1996 Erik Barnouw Award 2:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m.
OAH Annual Business Meeting 5:00 p.m.
Status of Minority Historians & Minority History Cash Bar 5:00 p.m.-6:30 p.m.
Jazz in the Empire Room 9:00 p.m.-1:00 a.m.

OAH NOMINATING BOARD. The membership is urged to mail suggestions and letters of support for 1997 OAH candidates for President-Elect, the Executive Board, and Nominating Board to Professor Susan Armitage, Chair, OAH Nominating Board, Department of History, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4030.

PRESIDENTIAL RECEPTION AND BANQUET. Persons planning to attend this banquet must purchase their tickets in advance; tickets may not be purchased at the door, and the registration counters are not open after 5:00 p.m. on Friday. The cash bar reception will be held from 6:00 - 7:00 p.m. The banquet will begin at 7:00 p.m. THE 1996 ERIK BARNOUW AWARD-WINNING FILM will be shown at this time. Detailed information will be available in the pocket program. THE OAH COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF MINORITY HISTORIANS AND MINORITY HISTORY invites all historians, especially minority graduate students and junior faculty, to a cash bar for conversation and refreshment. JAZZ IN THE EMPIRE ROOM. An evening of jazz from the traditional Fletcher Basington Orchestra and cutting-edge Ritual Trio in the Empire Room, Chicagos most fashionable supper club for over forty years.

OAH CONVENTION AT A GLANCE

Information on Chicago points of interest, tours, and restaurants will be available in the convention registration area of the Palmer House Hilton. OAH staff members and Chicago convention bureau personnel will be available for assistance. Floorplans of the Palmer House Hilton meeting rooms can be on page 28 and 29 of this Program.

REGISTRATION AND INFORMATION West Lounge, Fourth Floor
Thursday, March 28 11:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m.
Friday, March 29 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Saturday, March 30 8:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.
Sunday, March 31 8:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. (Information Only)

LOCATOR FILE West Lounge, Fourth Floor
Thursday, March 28 2:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m.
Friday, March 29 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Saturday, March 30 8:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.

BOOK EXHIBITS Fourth Floor, Upper Exhibit Hall
Friday, March 29 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Saturday, March 30 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Sunday, March 31 8:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m.

SESSION SCHEDULES
Thursday, March 28 1:00 p.m., 3:30 p.m., 8:30 p.m.
Friday, March 29 9:00 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 2:30 p.m.
Saturday, March 30 9:00 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 1:30 p.m., 2:30 p.m.
Sunday, March 31 9:00 a.m.

All sessions are allotted two hours. Strict adherence to the schedule is mandatory due to heavy demands on meeting rooms.

OAH PRESIDENTIAL RECEPTION, BANQUET, PRESENTATION OF AWARDS, AND PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. Friday, March 29: Cash bar reception, 6:00 p.m.; banquet, 7:00 p.m.; Presentation of Awards and Presidential Address, 8:30 p.m.

OAH BUSINESS MEETING. Saturday, March 30, 5:00 p.m

JAZZ IN THE EMPIRE ROOM. Saturday, March 30, 9:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m. An evening of jazz from The Fletcher Basington Orchestra and The Ritual Trio. A great opportunity to enjoy traditional and cutting-edge jazz in the Empire Room, Chicagos most fashionable supper club for over forty years. 1996 PROGRAM

The papers and commentaries presented during this meeting are intended solely for the hearing of those present and should not be tape recorded, copied, or otherwise reproduced without the consent of the authors. Recording, copying, or reproducing a paper without the consent of the author may be a violation of common law copyright and may involve the person recording, copying, or reproducing it in legal difficulties.